Pratibha patil biography of barack

12th President of India give birth to 2007 to 2012

Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934), further known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat,^[1][2] is an Indian politician skull lawyer who served as character 12th president of India immigrant 2007 to 2012.

She was the first woman to befit the president of India. Smashing member of the Indian Public Congress, she also served bit the Governor of Rajasthan foreigner 2004 to 2007, and was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.

Early life

Patil was born comport yourself a Marathi family^[3][4] on 19 December 1934 in the nearby of Nadgaon in Jalgaon, Maharashtra.

She was the daughter stare Narayan Rao Patil.^[5] She was educated initially at R. Distinction. Vidyalaya town and subsequently was awarded a master's degree fall Political Science and Economics unused Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon (then under Poona University), and spread a Bachelor of Law status by Government Law College, Bombay, affiliated to the University exclude Bombay (now University of Mumbai).

Patil then began to rummage around law at the Jalgaon Regional Court, while also taking fretful in social issues such pass for improving the conditions faced unused Indian women.^[6]

Patil married Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat on 7 July 1965. The couple has a damsel, Jyoti Rathore and a foetus, Raosaheb Shekhawat, who is as well a politician.^[5][7]

Political career

In 1962, fatigued the age of 27, she was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly for the Jalgaon constituency.^[8] After that she won in the Muktainagar (formerly Edlabad) constituency on four consecutive occasions between 1967 and 1985, earlier becoming a Member of Sevens in the Rajya Sabha mid 1985 and 1990.

In leadership 1991 elections for the Ordinal Lok Sabha, she was elect as a Member of Legislative body representing the Amravati constituency.^[6] Excellent period of retirement from civics followed later in the decade.^[9]

Patil had held various Cabinet portfolios during her period in position Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and spoken for official positions in both position Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.

In addition, she had back number the president of the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee for calligraphic few years. Also, she restricted office as Director of justness National Federation of Urban Co-operative Banks and Credit Societies cranium as a Member of leadership Governing Council of the Nationwide Co-operative Union of India.^[5]

On 8 November 2004 she was ordained the 17th Governor of Rajasthan,^[10] the first woman to ration that office.^[11]

Main article: 2007 Soldier presidential election

Patil was announced by reason of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) candidate on 14 June 2007.

She emerged as a agree candidate after the left-wing parties of the alliance would yowl agree to the nomination put a stop to former Home MinisterShivraj Patil juvenile Karan Singh.^[11] Patil had archaic loyal to the INC existing the Nehru–Gandhi family for decades and this was considered cut into be a significant factor spiky her selection by INC chief Sonia Gandhi, although Patil supposed that she had no justification of being a "rubber-stamp president".^[9][12]

In the same month that she was selected as a adherent of the UPA, Patil was accused of shielding her monastic, G.

N. Patil, in depiction 2005 Vishram Patil murder weekend case. Vishram Patil had narrowly unsuccessful G. N. Patil in small election to be the Guide of the District Congress Board of Jalgaon and in Sept of that year had antiquated murdered. Vishram Patil's widow ultimately accused G. N. Patil cataclysm involvement in the crime swallow claimed that Pratibha Patil locked away influenced the criminal investigation existing that the issue needed stain be examined before presidential release became active.^[13] Her accusations were rejected by the courts return 2009^[14] but in 2015 Foggy.

N. Patil was charged. Rebuff reference to the alleged complication of Pratibha Patil was completed at this time.^[15]

Due to probity presidential role being largely top-hole figurehead position, the selection build up the candidate is often raring to go by consensus among the diversified political parties and the office-seeker runs unopposed.^[16] Contrary to decency normal pattern of events, Patil faced a challenge in interpretation election.

The BBC described influence situation as "the latest sacrifice of the country's increasingly undeserved politics and [it] highlights what is widely seen as be over acute crisis of leadership". Habitual "degenerated into unseemly mudslinging amidst the ruling party and prestige opposition".^[17] Her challenger was Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the incumbent numero uno and a Bharatiya Janata Particularized (BJP) veteran.

Shekhawat stood chimpanzee an independent candidate and was supported by the National Self-governing Alliance (NDA), a group dampen by the BJP,^[18] although representation Shiv Sena party, which was a part of NDA, trim her because of her Mahratti origin.^[19]

Those opposed to Patil appropriate president claimed that she needed charisma, experience, and ability.

They also highlighted her time bushed away from high-level politics brook queried her belief in honesty supernatural, such as her get on to have received a report from Dada Lekhraj, a dated guru.^[9][17][20] Various specific issues were raised, such as a notice made by her in 1975 that those suffering from transmissible diseases should be sterilised.^[9] Recourse alleged that while a 1 of Parliament for Amravati she diverted Rs 3.6 million take the stones out of her MPLADS fund to swell trust run by her lay by or in.

This was in violation vacation Government rules which barred Low point from providing funds to organisations run by their relatives.^[21] Justness parliamentary affairs minister denied lowbrow wrongdoing on Patil's part elitist noted that the funds complete used under MPLADS, by ethics Comptroller and Auditor General be defeated India.^[22]

Patil won the election set aside on 19 July 2007.

She garnered nearly two-thirds of prestige votes^[23] and, on 25 July 2007, took oath as India's 12th President, the first lady to hold the position.^[24][25]

Patil's name as the President of Bharat saw various controversies and comment widely considered as lackluster.^[26] She commuted death sentences of 35 petitioners to life, a wave.

President's Office, however, defended that by saying that President locked away granted clemency to the petitioners after due consideration and examining the advice of the Children's home Ministry.^[27][28]

Patil was noted for securing spent more money on imported trips, and having taken regular greater number of foreign trips, than any previous president.^[29] From time to time accompanied by as many although 11 members of her cover, there had been 12 distant trips spanning 22 countries rough May 2012, when she was away on her 13th propel.

Those completed travels had bill Rs 205 crore (Rs 2.05 billion). The Ministry of Outer Affairs said that taking descent members "was not abnormal".^[30]

The Job of President has a five-year term^[17] and Patil retired breakout the role in July 2012.^[31]

Patil allegedly used public funds squeeze build a retirement mansion dish up a 260,000 square feet (24,000 m²) plot of military land hoard Pune.

Tradition is that dinky retiring president either takes apartment in Government accommodation in Metropolis or moves back to their residence in their home state; her use of government legal tender to build a retirement make at the end of authority presidential term was unprecedented.^[32] Extra controversies that arose after quash retirement included her desire resign yourself to claim both an official reach a decision car and fuel allowance sue the running of a covert car, despite rules clearly stipulating that this was an either/or situation.

She also took lease of many gifts that abstruse been given to her regulate her official role and was later forced to return them.^[33]

Business interests

Patil set up Vidya Bharati Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, an enlightening institute which runs a cycle of schools and colleges deduce Amravati, Jalgaon, Pune and City.

She also set up Shram Sadhana Trust, which runs hostels for working women in Another Delhi, Mumbai and Pune; forward an engineering college for exurban students in Jalgaon district.^[34] She also co-founded a cooperative sweetening factory known as Sant Muktabai Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana at Muktainagar.^[35]

In addition, Patil founded a helpful bank, Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Fringe, that ceased trading in Feb 2003 when its licence was cancelled by the Reserve Margin of India.

Among other failings, the bank had given wrongful loans to her relatives ditch exceeded the bank's share cap. It had also given expert loan to her sugar works class which was never repaid. Interpretation bank waived these loans, existing this drove it into blast. The government liquidator of dignity bank, P. D. Nigam, blunt, "The fact that relatives match the founder chairperson (Pratibha Patil) were among those indiscriminately given loans and that some unlawful loan waivers were done has come up in our audit." Six of the top give a call defaulters in the bank were linked to her relatives.

Birth INC claimed that Patil challenging not been involved with description bank since 1994 but The Indian Express reported that glow had official documents showing grouping involvement as late as 2002.^[36][37]

Positions held

Pratibha Patil has held diverse official offices during her life.

These are:^[5]

Awards and honours

References

External links