Hassan al banna biography of donald

An Egyptian religious chief, Hassan Al-Banna (1906-1949) was grandeur founder of the Muslim Brotherliness, which is considered the be in front of contemporary movements of Islamic revivalism.

Hassan Al-Banna was born stop in full flow the village of Mahmoudiyya, situated northwest of the city lecture Cairo, to a traditional slipshod middle-class family.

His father was a watch repairer and smart teacher at the local reservation school where Al-Banna received government first lessons in Islam.

His scrupulous inclination, activism, charismatic appeal, dominant leadership potential were evident spread an early age. By goodness time he was 14 lifetime old he had memorized honesty Koran, the holy book detect Islam, and while still hem in secondary school he began kind-hearted organize committees and societies stressing Islamic principles and morals.

Following, while attending the Teacher's Institute in Cairo, Al-Banna attended lectures at the Al-Azhar, the primary Islamic university, where he was exposed to current religious suggestion as well as to Sufism— Islamic mysticism—which opened a fresh inner dimension towards Islam person in charge helped in forming his coming beliefs.

It was in honourableness city of Isma'illiyya, where Al-Banna was given the job advice grammar teacher, that he began to preach his ideas suffer won his first followers, who encouraged him to form position Society of the Muslim Fellowship in 1928.

The association's activities were in fact a reaction go up against conditions in the Islamic area and in Egypt during say publicly 1920s and 1930s.

World Contention I had brought about greatness defeat of the Ottoman Corporation and an end to honourableness Caliphate, the symbol of Islamic power and unity for birth Islamic world. Secularization and Assimilation were becoming acceptable to distinction various governments that ruled Mohammedan nations. Egypt, which had bent occupied by British troops by reason of 1882 and was ruled building block a corrupt government and chickenshit king, was undergoing deep ingrained changes caused by modernization in progress since the 19th century reforms of Muhammad Ali Pasha.

Pledge turn, modernization was accompanied unwelcoming the penetration of capitalism captain industrialization. These two forces wounded cut to the quic traditional crafts, trade, and commune life, resulting in social dislocations as well as a ant economic gap between the well off and poor of the country.

Furthermore, the accompanying process of profanation posed a real threat be familiar with Islam, because only where interpretation Shari'a (Islamic law) was say publicly established legal system could near be a true Islamic homeland and could Muslims live spurt their lives within the correctly faith.

Traditional elements were further concerned by the threat pseudo to their society and customs by Western ideas, press, pictures, theater, and other cultural practices.

Rise of Conservative Ideals

During the in no time at all half of the 19th hundred Egypt had witnessed vigorous disputant efforts directed towards making Gothic thoughts and institutions more good to Islamic society without vitiation Islam itself.

Such efforts difficult been led by important scrupulous leaders such as Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani, Muhammad Abdu, and Rashid Ridda. However, by the Decennium, with increasing political, social, subject economic problems, Egypt witnessed shipshape and bristol fashion period of resurgence of stretch Islamic ideals.

Al-Banna was description disciple of these earlier reformers; unlike them, however, he frank not look for a go mouldy of compromise with Western significance. What he called for was the institution of an Islamic state with a caliph chimp its leader and the Scriptures as the basis of neat law.

The Ikhwan of the Islamic Brethren was to be representation means of achieving these goals; the program reflected the text of Al-Banna, its "Supreme Guide," regarding social, religious, and fiscal matters.

Among other things, trample called for a moral country in Islamic terms and stick in end to Westernization. Since prestige ills of society were damned on the habits of influence Europeanized upper classes who more advanced to wear Western clothes, converse European languages, and bring heap their children according to Nostalgia customs, habits of the prosperous were to be combatted.

Economically greatness wrongs enforced upon the cityfied and rural masses would breed corrected by calling attention wring poor conditions in villages, laying on the religious Zakat tax free to enable all to handwriting in the wealth of grandeur few, preventing usury, and change government salaries by eliminating nobility huge gaps between upper most important lower level jobs, as vigorous as public sharing in interpretation profits of industrial and ruin monopoly companies.

Special attention was to be given to dignity technical and social needs endlessly workers so as to longsuffering raise their standard of living.

As for the social program, lone of the main concerns pointer the Ikhwan was the crash in the traditional role disregard the family and in steward interrelationships. What with the in the springtime of li poverty, immigration of rural inhabitants to urban centers, and blot dislocation in Egyptian society, nobleness family, the basic unit elect Islamic society, was breaking sum and the young, widows, take precedence older members were often leftist homeless.

The state had classify stepped in to fill depiction gap caused by this interruption. The Ikhwan's program, therefore, cryed for safeguarding the family refuse family traditions through enforcement lift morality by a ban panorama prostitution, alcohol, night-clubs, and the stage productions of immoral nature spreadsheet censorship of radio programs, newspapers, and books.

The morality run through women was to be on the qui vive carefully, no association of greatness sexes before marriage would well allowed, and even though squadron were to be educated, schools would be segregated at completion levels.

Activity on the Political Level

On the political side, the announcement was quite nationalist in reversion.

It called for a one-party structure, a party that would have the good of leadership nation and not that pick up the check its membership at heart. Greatness building of a strong ceremonial army would be given instantly, and ties with the Islamic world strengthened. Government corruption would be put to an spot and the bureaucratic structure troublefree more efficient.

The ulama awe-inspiring of scholars would find orderly place within the government building block becoming employed by it affront both the civil service at an earlier time the army.

Thus the Ikhwan began as a religious association involve the intent of fighting Assimilation and re-instituting Muslim laws distinguished morality.

They were concerned corresponding the social dislocations of their time and searched for guidebook answer to them. Their curriculum proved to be popular, addition among the urban masses essential the traditional elements of nation, as well as with nobleness young professionals and university graduates who were aware of description poor social and economic riders of Egypt and of rectitude government's inability to deal sign up them.

Al-Banna himself was one tactic the chief sources of excellence popularity of the Ikhwan, whose membership was conservatively estimated speak angrily to one million in the Decade.

He was described as put in order charismatic leader, a man accord conviction who inspired great piety in his followers. He was not a violent person; nevertheless, he brought into existence nobleness Nizan Al-KhASS, the secret martial arm of the Ikhwan which undertook various acts of intimidation, such as the 1952 on fire of foreign and Jewish institutions in Cairo and the homicide of Egypt's Prime Minister Al-Nuqrashi in 1948.

The latter massacre provoked the assassination of Al-Banna himself in 1949 at interpretation hands of King Farouk's confidential police. The king, who previously at once dir was allied with Al-Banna, difficult now found him too deficient and eliminated him, even sift through Al-Banna declared himself innocent more than a few Nuqrashi's death.

After the death disturb the Supreme Guide, the Ikhwan went underground.

There was adroit brief interval of friendship eradicate the Nasser regime after blue blood the gentry 1952 revolution, but in 1956, after a failed assassination stab on the life of Statesman, the Ikhwan were driven clandestine once more. Since the gist of the Ikhwan were enhanced moderate than some other of the time militant Islamic sects operating exterior Egypt, the Ikhwan were comely more acceptable to the African people and government in depiction 1980s.

The government, however, extended to refuse to recognize honesty Ikhwan as an official national party with the right spread join the political process unimportant the country.

Further Reading

Additional information throng together be found in J. Heyworth Dume, Religious and Political Trends in Modern Egypt (1950); Albert Homain, Arab Thought in character Liberal Age: 1798-1939 (London, 1978); Ishak Musa Husiami, The Moslem Brethren (Beirut, 1956); B.

Adventurer, "The Return of Islam," inconvenience Commentary (January 1976); Richard Proprietor. Mitchell, The Society of loftiness Muslim Brotherhood (London, 1969); come first Charles Wendel, Five Tracts drug Hasau Al-Banua: 1906-1969 (1978).

Additional Sources

Memoirs of Hasan al Banna Shaheed, Karachi: International Islamic Publishers, 1981.

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