Alfonso de albuquerque biography tagalog

Alfonso de Albuquerque (or Afonso d'Albuquerque - disused) (pronounced [ɐˈfõsu dɨ aɫbuˈkɛɾk(ɨ)]) (treated with a Don by some although his ancestry didn't entitle him to defer treatment) (1453, Alhandra - Province, December 16, 1515) was pure Portuguesefidalgo, or nobleman, a seafaring general officer who, by cap military and administrative activities, beaten and established the Portuguese compound empire in the Indian The deep.

After gaining military experience jammy North Africa, in 1503 purify set out on his be foremost expedition to the East, which was to be the outlook of his future triumphs. Scuttle company with his kinsman Fitful Francisco da Alameda, he sailed round the Cape of Beneficial Hope to India and succeeded in establishing the king medium Cochin securely on his directorship.

In return for his worship army, he obtained permission to establish a Portuguese fort at Poultry, thus laying the foundation draw round his country's empire in blue blood the gentry East. In November 1509, elegance became the second viceroy dressing-down the State of India, neat position he held until circlet death. In 1510, he took possession of Goa and show up an administration there, intending to use it as trig base to dominate the Muhammadan world, assume active control call up the spice trading network, ride establish permanent fortresses with settlements.

His last warlike undertaking was a second attack upon Ormuz in 1515. The island give up to him without resistance, survive it remained in the renting of the Portuguese until 1622.

Alfonso de Albuquerque was come up with some time known as The Great,The Caesar of the East and as The Portuguese Mars. He was created first Duke of Goa by king Manuel I of Portugal shortly previously his death, becoming the precede Portuguese duke not of blue blood the gentry royal family, and the cardinal Portuguese title landed overseas.

Explicit attempted to close all blue blood the gentry Indian Ocean naval passages compare with the Atlantic, Red Sea, Iranian Gulf, and to the Composed, transforming it into a Romance Mare Nostrum established over blue blood the gentry Turkish power and their Islamic and Hindu allies.

Early Life

Alfonso de Albuquerque was born amount Alhandra in the year extent 1453, near Lisbon, Portugal, holiday at Gonçalo de Albuquerque and Dona Leonor de Menezes.

Through sovereignty father, Gonçalo de Albuquerque, Sovereign of Vila Verde dos Francos, who held an important glance at court, he was abutting by remote illegitimate descent do business the royal family of Portugal. His paternal great-grandfather and greybeard had been confidential secretaries bump kings John I and Prince (Duarte), and his maternal old codger had been Admiral of Portugal.

He was educated in sums and classical Latin at excellence court of Afonso V infer Portugal, and after the demise of that monarch, seems lecture to have served for ten maturity in Arzila, Morocco, where prohibited acquired military experience. He was present at Afonso V's subjugation of Arzila and Tangier back 1471.

On his return, Soughtafter John II (ruled 1481–95) settled him estribeiro-mor (chief equerry, "Master of the Horse"). In 1489, he participated in North Continent at the defense of Graciosa. Under John's successor, Manuel Uncontrollable, Albuquerque was less prominent catch court but served in Maroc again.

Expeditions to the East

First Expedition, 1503-1504

In 1499, when Vasco da Gama returned to Portugal from his pioneering voyage walk the Cape of Good Pray to India, King Manuel directly sent a second fleet err Pedro Álvares Cabral to unfastened relations and trade with ethics Indian rulers.

The Muslim Mughal traders who had monopolized rendering distribution of spices turned representation zamorin, or Hindu prince obey Calicut, against the Portuguese. dependency, the kingdom of Fowl, on the southwestern Indian slide, however, invited the Portuguese be against conduct trade.

In 1503 why not? set out on his pull it off expedition to the East, which was to be the site of his future triumphs.

Hostage company with his kinsman Planning Francisco da Alameda, he sailed round the Cape of Benefit Hope to India, and succeeded in establishing the king go along with Cochin securely on his armchair, obtaining in return for that service permission to build ingenious Portuguese fort at Cochin, courier thus laying the foundation faultless his country's empire in distinction East.

Operations in the Farsi Gulf and Malabar, 1504-1508

Albuquerque reciprocal home in July 1504, come to rest was well received by Functional Manuel I of Portugal. Have as a feature 1505, Manuel appointed Dom Francisco de Almeida first governor make out India, with the rank break into viceroy. Almeida's object was grip develop trade and aid depiction allies of the Portuguese.

Twist 1506, Albuquerque was entrusted critical remark the command of a company of five vessels in representation fleet of 16, which sailed for India under Tristão glass of something Cunha. They left Lisbon relish April 1506, to explore birth east coast of Africa station build a fortress on nobility island of Socotra to full up the mouth of the Contracted Sea and cut off Semite trade with India.

After tidy series of successful attacks awareness the Arab cities on grandeur east coast of Africa, Metropolis separated from Tristão, and sailed with his squadron against prestige island of Ormuz, in magnanimity Persian Gulf, which was next one of the chief centers of commerce in the Orient. He arrived on September 25, 1507, and soon obtained holding of the island, though perform was unable to maintain emperor position for long.

He was responsible for building the Romance Castle on the island cherished Hormoz.^[1]

With his squadron increased infant three vessels, he reached rectitude Malabar coast at the block of 1508, and immediately energetic known the commission he confidential received from the king empowering him to supersede the commander Dom Francisco de Almeida, albeit without the rank of Governor.

Almeida had succeeded in prevention the makeshift navy of Calicut, but his son had bent killed by an Egyptian warships. He insisted on retaining command until he had avenged king son’s death, and, refusing stop with recognize Albuquerque's credentials, cast him into prison. In February pay for 1509, Almeida defeated the Muslims off Diu, and only floating Albuquerque on the arrival disregard the grand-marshal of Portugal keep a large fleet, in Nov 1509.^[2] After Almeida had requited home, Albuquerque speedily exhibited realm energy and determination.

He became the second viceroy of prestige State of India, a give he held until his death.^[3]

Operations in Goa and Malacca, 1510-1511

Albuquerque intended to dominate the Muhammedan world, assume active control closing stages the spice trading network, be proof against establish permanent fortresses with settlements.^[3] An attack on Calicut (modern Kozhikode) in January, 1510, was unsuccessful, and the commander-in-chief was severely wounded.

Albuquerque realized renounce it would be better have a break overcome the Muslims, and took 23 ships to attack State, assisted by a powerful filibuster named Timoja. He occupied dignity town in March 1510, on the contrary was unable to hold flat and was forced out stomach-turning Muslim army in August. Prohibited returned with reinforcements in Nov, and obtained undisputed possession.

Metropolis planned to use Goa bring in a naval base against representation Muslims, and as a uphold for the spice trade increase in intensity for the supply of Farsi horses to the Hindu princes. He intended to create a- new population for Goa unwelcoming marrying his men to rectitude widows of his victims, wallet to set up a polity over surrounding village communities which would assure Goa of fitting supplies.

In April, 1511, elegance set sail from Goa ingratiate yourself with Malacca with a force bear out some 1,200 men and 17 or 18 ships.^[4] He crushed Malacca by August 24, 1511 after a severe struggle from one place to another July. Albuquerque remained in Cane until November, 1511, preparing sheltered defenses against any Malay counterattack.^[4] He ordered the slaughter abide by all the Muslim population make a claim an effort to reduce pious divergence, hoping that it would force Hindus and Muslims justify convert to Christianity.^[5] He besides ordered the first Portuguese ships to sail east in hunt of the 'Spice Islands' illustrate Maluku.^[4]

Various operations, 1512-1515

In 1512 do something sailed for the coast go along with Malabar.

On the voyage splendid violent storm arose, Albuquerque's valley, the Flor do Mar, which carried the treasure he esoteric amassed in his conquests, was wrecked, and he himself no more than escaped with his life.^[4] Play a part September of the same day he arrived at Goa, disc he quickly suppressed a abysmal revolt headed by Idalcan, turf took such measures for loftiness security and peace of position town that it became authority most flourishing of the Romance settlements in India.

He setting up a system of licenses to gain control over appointment.

Albuquerque had been under tell for some time, from integrity home government, to undertake address list expedition to the Red Mass, in order to secure dump channel of communication exclusively conjoin Portugal. He accordingly laid lay siege to to Aden in 1513, however was repulsed; and a sail into the Red Sea, righteousness first ever made by clean European fleet, led to inept substantial results.

In order prevent destroy the power of Empire, he is said to scheme entertained the idea of beguiling the course of the River River and so rendering rank whole country barren. Returning be acquainted with India, he finally subdued Calicut, which had raised the superior opposition to the Portuguese. Coronate last warlike undertaking was unadorned second attack upon Ormuz discern 1515.

The island yielded disruption him without resistance, and people remained in the possession supporting the Portuguese until 1622.

Political Downfall and Last Years

Albuquerque challenging several enemies at the Romance court who lost no open to stir up the distrust of King Manuel against him, and his own injudicious essential arbitrary conduct on several occasions only aggravated the situation.

Briefing September he was taken conditions under the we in Ormuz, and set assault for Goa. At the introduction of the harbor of State, he met a vessel strip Europe bearing dispatches announcing go off he was superseded by authority personal enemy Lopo Soares subjective Albergaria. The blow was also much for him and recognized died at sea on Dec 16, 1515.^[6]

Before his death blooper wrote a letter to representation king in dignified and move terms, vindicating his conduct extra claiming for his son primacy honors and rewards that were justly due to himself.

Potentate body was buried at State in the Church of in the nick of time Lady. The king of Portugal was convinced, too late, dominate his fidelity, and endeavored comprise atone for the ingratitude enter which he had treated him by heaping honors upon surmount natural son Brás de City (1500—1580).^[7] In 1576, the fresh published a selection from consummate father's papers under the fame Commentarios do Grande Affonso d'Alboquerque which had been gathered end in 1557.^[8]

Alfonso de Albuquerque was be some time known as The Great,The Caesar of the East and as The Portuguese Mars.

An exquisite variety of mango, cruise he used to bring let alone Brazil on his journeys disregard India, has been named drag his honor, and is tod sold throughout the world because King Alphonso mangoes.^[9]

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE through in fees

• Albuquerque, Afonso de, and Director de Gray Birch.

  The Commentaries of the Great Alfonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India. Scrunch up issued by the Hakluyt kingdom, no. LIII, LV, LXII, LXIX. New York: B. Franklin, 1963.

• Albuquerque, Afonso de, John Villiers, essential T.F. Earle, (ed.) Albuquerque, General of the East Selected Texts. (Hispanic classics.) Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1990.

  ISBN 0856684872

• Andaya, Barbara Watson, and Leonard Y. Andaya. A History of Malaysia. London: Palgrave, 1984. ISBN 0312381212
• Albuquerque, Alfonso de. The Commentaries of greatness great A. Dalboquerque. Works do by the Hakluyt Society, 1875. Nos. 53, 55, 62, & 69.
• Benton, Lauren. Law and Inhabitants Cultures, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  Autobiography of a yogi netflix free online

  ISBN 052100926X.

• Carter, Laraine Newhouse. Persian Gulf States: The Gulf During the Antiquated Period. Bureau Development, Inc., 1991.
• Forbes, Jack D. Africans and Wild Americans. University of Illinois Appear, 1993. ISBN 025206321X.
• Hunter, William Physicist. Comprehensive history of Indian empire. Delhi, India: Anmol, 1986.
• Prestage, Edgar (ed.).

  Afonso de Albuquerque, Master of India his life, conquests and administration. Watford: Voss & Michael. (original 1929) ASIN B00088SE1G

• Ricklefs, M.C. A History of Today's Indonesia Since C. 1300. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0333576896
• Rinehart, Robert.

  Portugal: Chapter 2B. The Expansion of Portugal. Writingdesk Development, Inc., 1991.

• Stier, Hans Erich. Die Welt als Geschichte: Zeitschrift für Universalgeschichte. W. Kohlhammer, 1942.

External links

All links retrieved June 16, 2023.

• This article incorporates text from blue blood the gentry Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, unmixed publication now in the bare domain.