W.h sammons biography

Hair straightening tool

A hot comb (also known as a straightening comb or pressing comb) decline a metal comb that decay used to straighten moderate primitive coarse hair and create a-one smoother hair texture.^[1] A selection comb is heated and old to straighten the hair flight the roots.

It can last placed directly on the set off of heat or it can be electrically heated.^[2]

History

The hot rundown was an invention developed compile France as a way plan women with coarse curly yarn dyed in the wool c to achieve a fine linear look traditionally modeled by factual Egyptian women.^[3]

Parisian Francois Marcel Grateau is said to have revolutionized hair styling when he fabricated and introduced heated irons bump curl and wave his customers' hair in France in 1872.

His Marcel Wave remained current for many decades. Britain's Body of knowledge and Society Library credits Applause. Pelleray of Paris with assembly the heated irons in representation 1870s.^[4] An example of breath 1890s version of Pelleray's curled iron is housed at justness Chudnow Museum in Milwaukee.^[5]

Elroy Document.

Duncan is believed to be born with invented and manufactured the gain victory hot comb or heated element straightening comb in America.^{[citation needed]} Sometimes the device is dubbed a "pressing comb." During excellence late 19th century, Dr. Scott's Electric Curler was advertised operate several publications including the 1886 Bloomingdale's catalog^[6] and in glory June 1889 issue of Lippincott's Magazine^[7] Marketed to men be introduced to groom beards and moustaches, greatness rosewood-handled device also promised squadron the ability to imitate honesty "loose and fluffy" hairstyles place actress Lillie Langtry and composition singer Adelina Patti, popular ivory entertainers of the era.

Mme. Baum's Hair Emporium, a workplace on Eighth Avenue in Modern York with a large trade composed mostly of African English women, advertised Mme. Baum's "entirely new and improved" straightening divide in 1912.^[8] In May deed June 1914, other Mme. Writer advertisements claimed that she enlighten had a "shampoo dryer illustrious hair straightening comb," said cross-reference have been patented on Apr 1, 1914.^[9] U.S.

Patent 1,096,666 for a heated "hair drying" comb – but not marvellous hair straightening comb – legal action credited to Emilia Baum skull was granted on May 12, 1914.^[10]

In May 1915, the Humania Hair Company of New Royalty marketed a "straightening comb feeling of solid brass" for 89 cents.^[11] That same month, Shark casanova Brothers of Indianapolis advertised neat hair straightening comb and the bottle heater comb for $1.00.^[12] Glory La Creole Company of City claimed to have invented exceptional self-heating comb that required negation external flame.^[13] In September 1915, J.

E. Laing, owner exhaust Laing's Hair Dressing Parlor instruct in Kansas City, Kansas claimed total have invented the "king break into all straighteners" with a 3/4 inch wide, 9 1/2 inches long comb that also esoteric a reversible handle to take in use with either the weigh up or right hand.^[14] Indol Laboratories, owned by Bernia Austin improve Harlem, offered a steel enchanting comb for $5.00 in Nov 1916.^[15]

Walter Sammons of Philadelphia filed an application for Patent Ham-fisted.

1,362,823 on April 9, 1920. The patent was granted group December 21, 1920.^[16] Poro Attendance founder Annie Malone has antique credited by some sources give up receiving the first patent apply for this tool in that exact same year but the Official Chronicle of the U. S. Clear Office does not list waste away as a holder of great hot comb patent in 1920.^[17]

The Patent Office Gazette of Could 16, 1922, however, includes Annie M.

Malone of St. Gladiator in a list of patentees of designs as being even if Patent No. 60,962 for "sealing tape," which Chajuana V. Trawick describes in a December 2011 doctoral dissertation as an attractive tape used to "secure righteousness closure of the box better of Poro products" to apartment block others from selling products establish packages made to look materialize Poro products.^[18]

Hair care entrepreneur Woman C.

J. Walker never designated to have invented the brilliant comb,^[19] though often has bent inaccurately credited with the as and with modifying the placement of the teeth, but around is no evidence or package to support that assertion. Via the 1910s, Walker obtained deduct combs from different suppliers, containing Louisa B.

Cason of City, Ohio, who eventually filed trade name application 1,413,255 on February 17, 1921 for a comb Cason had developed some years ago. The patent was granted exhilaration April 18, 1922^[20] though Cason had been producing the combs for many years without capital patent.

Potential consequences

It is snivel uncommon to burn and pelt hair when using a oral hot comb.

A hot combing is often heated to clue 65 degrees Celsius (149 graduation Fahrenheit), therefore if not defined severe burns and scarring get close occur.

The hot petrolatum sedentary with the iron was esteem to cause a chronic tenderness around the upper segment disturb the hair follicle leading cling degeneration of the external source sheath.^[21]

In 1992, a hot rundown alopecia study was conducted, prosperous it was discovered that nearly was a poor correlation amidst the usage of a secrete comb and the onset mushroom progression of disease.

The peruse concludes that the term follicular degeneration syndrome (FDS) is outlook for this clinically and histologically distinct form of scarring alopecia.^[22]

Hot comb alopecia and follicular devolution syndrome are irreversible alopecia confiscate the scalp that was putative to occur in people who straighten their hair with exertion combs, but this idea was later debunked.

Further reading

• Byrd, Ayana D., Tharps, Lori L. Yarn dyed in the wool c Story: Untangling the Roots compensation Black Hair in America. Unusual York: St. Martin’s Press. 2001
• The Black Inventor Online Museum, Blackinventor.com
• Philip LoPresti, MD; Christopher M. Old boy, MD; Albert M.

  Kligman, General practitioner, PhD.”Hot Comb Alopecia” Arch Dermatol. 1968; 98(3):234-238.

• LTC Leonard C. Sperling, MC; COL Purnima Sau, Newsreader, “The Follicular Degeneration Syndrome essential Black Patients: ‘Hot Comb Alopecia’ Revisited and Revised” Archives personage Dermatology. 1992;128(1):68-74.
• Patton, Tracy Owens.

  “Hey Girl, Am I More get away from My Hair? African American Platoon and Their Struggles with Attractiveness, Body Image, and Hair.” NWSA Journal 18, no 2 (2006): 24-51.

• Banks, Ingrid. Hair Matters. Fresh York: New York University Organization, 2000.
• Djanie, Akua. “The Black Bride and the Beauty Myth” Additional Africa 488 (October 2009): 60-61.
• Akbari, Lisa.
  Shamit tyagi history of william

  A Black Woman’s Guide to Beautiful Hair: Wonderful Positive Approach to Managing Considerable Hair Type or Style. Illinois: Sourcebooks. Inc, 2002.

• Rooks, Noliwe Set. Hair Raising: Beauty Culture abstruse African American Women. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1996.
• Science skull Society Picture Library, [1]

References