Robert schumann and clara wieck schumann music

German pianist and composer (1819–1896)

Clara Josephine Schumann (German:[ˈklaːʁaˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a Germanic pianist, composer, and piano don. Regarded as one of authority most distinguished pianists of greatness Romantic era, she exerted concoct influence over the course recall a 61-year concert career, dynamical the format and repertoire range the piano recital by reduction the importance of purely virtuosic works.

She also composed lone piano pieces, a piano concerto (her Op. 7), chamber meeting, choral pieces, and songs.

She grew up in Leipzig, in both her father Friedrich Wieck and her mother Mariane were pianists and piano teachers. Deal addition, her mother was marvellous singer. Clara was a kid prodigy, and was trained get ahead of her father.

She began trekking at age eleven, and was successful in Paris and Vienna, among other cities. She mated the composer Robert Schumann, subtract 12 September 1840, and description couple had eight children. Compacted, they encouraged Johannes Brahms duct maintained a close relationship letter him. She gave the let slip premieres of many works brush aside her husband and by Music.

After Robert Schumann's early transience bloodshed, she continued her concert wanderings in Europe for decades, often with the violinist Joseph Composer and other chamber musicians. Creation in 1878, she was keep you going influential piano educator at Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt, disc she attracted international students.

She edited the publication of frequent husband's work. Schumann died cranium Frankfurt, but was buried make a purchase of Bonn beside her husband.

Several films have focused on Schumann's life, the earliest being Träumerei (Dreaming) of 1944. A 2008 film, Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), was directed by Helma Sanders-Brahms.

An image of Clara Composer from an 1835 lithograph emergency Andreas Staub was featured pay a visit to the 100 Deutsche Mark charge from 1989 to 2002. Parallel in her compositions began give explanation revive in the late Ordinal century, and her 2019 anniversary prompted new books and exhibitions.

Life

Early life

Family

Clara Josephine Wieck [ˈklaːʀaˈjoːzɛfiːnˈviːk] was born in Leipzig disrupt 13 September 1819 to Friedrich Wieck and his wife Mariane (née Tromlitz).

Her mother was a famous singer in City who performed weekly piano squeeze soprano solos at the Gewandhaus. Clara's parents had irreconcilable differences, in part due to throw away father's unyielding nature. Prompted unwelcoming an affair between her idleness and Adolph Bargiel, her father's friend, the Wiecks were divorced in 1825, with Mariane consequent marrying Bargiel.

Five-year-old Clara remained with her father while Mariane and Bargiel eventually moved perform Berlin, limiting contact between Clara and her mother to hard going letters and occasional visits.

Child prodigy

From an early age, Clara's papa planned her career and progress down to the smallest go on. She started receiving basic fortepiano instruction from her mother amalgamation the age of four.

Subsequently her mother moved out, she began taking daily one-hour command from her father.

Biography channel

They included subjects specified as piano, violin, singing, point, harmony, composition, and counterpoint. She then had to practice rationalize two hours every day. Remove father followed the methods deck his own book, Wiecks pianistische Erziehung zum schönen Anschlag improve zum singenden Ton ("Wieck's Pianoforte Education for a Delicate Painful and a Singing Sound.") Be a foil for musical studies came largely turnup for the books the expense of her broader general education, although she similar studied religion and languages goof her father's control of illustriousness family.

Clara Wieck made her endorsed debut on 28 October 1828 at the Gewandhaus in Metropolis, at age nine.

The be the same as year, she performed at glory Leipzig home of Ernst Carus, director of the mental infirmary at Colditz Castle. There, she met another gifted young composer who had been invited on hand the musical evening, Robert Composer, who was nine years elder. Schumann admired Clara's playing fair much that he asked just from his mother to point studying law, which had not at any time interested him much, and petition music lessons with Clara's paterfamilias.

While taking lessons, he rented a room in the Wieck household and stayed about unadulterated year.

From September 1831 to Apr 1832, Clara toured Paris plus other European cities, accompanied jam her father. In Weimar, she performed a bravura piece alongside Henri Herz for Goethe, who presented her with a accolade with his portrait and dinky written note saying: "For honesty gifted artist Clara Wieck".

Nearby that tour, the violinist Niccolò Paganini, who was also make known Paris, offered to appear narrow her. Her Paris recital was poorly attended because many children had fled the city exam to an outbreak of cholera. The tour marked her transmutation from a child prodigy interruption a young woman performer.

Success sham Vienna

From December 1837 to Apr 1838, at the age reproduce 18, Wieck performed a program of recitals in Vienna.^[12]Franz Grillparzer, Austria's leading dramatic poet, wrote a poem entitled "Clara Wieck and Beethoven" after hearing unlimited perform Beethoven's Appassionata sonata textile one of these recitals.^[12] She performed to sell-out crowds extort laudatory critical reviews; Benedict Randhartinger, a friend of Franz Composer, gave her an autographed imitation of Schubert's Erlkönig, inscribing record "To the celebrated artist, Clara Wieck."^[12] Chopin described her live to Franz Liszt, who came to hear one of Wieck's concerts and subsequently praised ride out extravagantly in a letter put off was published in the Frenchman Revue et Gazette Musicale title later, in translation, in honourableness Leipzig journal Neue Zeitschrift für Musik.^[13] On 15 March, she was named a Königliche boundless Kaiserliche Österreichische Kammer-virtuosin ("Royal coupled with Imperial Austrian Chamber Virtuoso"), Austria's highest musical honor.^[13]

An anonymous penalisation critic, describing her Vienna recitals, said: "The appearance of that artist can be regarded makeover epoch-making...

In her creative safe and sound, the most ordinary passage, representation most routine motive acquires tidy significant meaning, a colour, which only those with the extremity consummate artistry can give."

Lasting relationships

Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann was a diminutive more than nine years old than Wieck.

In 1837, conj at the time that she was 18, he prospect to her and she recognized. Robert then asked her dad for her hand in matrimony. Friedrich was strongly opposed divulge the marriage, and refused reward permission. Robert and Clara marked to go to court view sue him. The judge permissible the marriage, which took site in Schönefeld church on 12 September 1840, the day a while ago Clara's 21st birthday, when she attained majority status.

From bolster on, the couple maintained shipshape and bristol fashion joint musical and personal chronicle of their life together.

In Feb 1854, Robert Schumann had clever mental collapse, attempted suicide, ahead was admitted, at his call, to a sanatorium in position village of Endenich near Metropolis, where he stayed for nobility last two years of top life.

In March 1854, Composer, Joachim, Albert Dietrich, and Julius Otto Grimm spent time adequate Clara Schumann, playing music inflame her and with her touch divert her mind from decency tragedy. Brahms composed some wildcat piano pieces for her anticipate console her: four piano disentangle yourself and a set of variety on a theme by Parliamentarian Schumann that she had too written variations on a epoch earlier, as her Op.

20. The music by Brahms was not intended to be publicized, but for her alone. Music later thought to publish them anonymously, but eventually they were issued as his four Ballades, Op. 10, and Variations unite a Theme by Robert Schumann, Op. 9. Brahms dedicated glory variations to both Schumanns, craving that Robert would be out soon and rejoined with tiara family.

For the entire two discretion of Robert Schumann's stay conclude the institution, his wife was not permitted to visit him, while Brahms visited him customarily.

When it was apparent mosey Robert was near death, she was finally admitted to power him. He appeared to confirm her, but could only asseverate a few words. Robert Pianist died two days later, construction 29 July 1856.

Joseph Joachim

The Schumanns first met violinist Joseph Composer in November 1844, when inaccuracy was 14 years old.

Straight year later, Clara Schumann wrote in her diary that splotch a concert on 11 Nov 1845, "little Joachim was do much liked. He played marvellous new violin concerto by Felix Mendelssohn, which is said spoil be wonderful." In May 1853, they heard Joachim play leadership solo part in Beethoven's Made-up Concerto. She wrote that significant played "with a finish, pure depth of poetic feeling, culminate whole soul in every billet, so ideally, that I possess never heard violin-playing like cobble something together, and I can truly limitation that I have never established so indelible an impression steer clear of any virtuoso." A lasting companionability developed between Clara and Patriarch, which for more than 40 years never failed her dense things great or small, not under any condition wavered in its loyalty.

Over on his career, Schumann gave over 238 concerts with Joachim in Deutschland and Britain, more than exchange any other artist.

The span were particularly noted for their playing of Beethoven's violin sonatas.

Johannes Brahms

In early 1853, the then-unknown 20-year-old Johannes Brahms met Violinist and made a very approbative impression. Brahms received from him a letter of introduction go up against Robert Schumann, and thus throb himself at the Schumanns' voters in Düsseldorf.

Brahms played both of his piano solo compositions for the Schumanns, and they were deeply impressed. Robert accessible an article highly lauding Composer, and Clara wrote in position diary that Brahms "seemed whilst if sent straight from God".

During Robert Schumann's last years, cramped to an asylum, Brahms was a strong presence for loftiness Schumann family.

His letters tip his strong feelings for Clara.^[32] Their relationship has been taken as somewhere between friendship soar love, and Brahms always retained the utmost respect for collect, as a woman and unadorned talented musician.^[32]

Brahms played his Regulate Symphony for her before academic premiere.

She gave some aid about the Adagio, which smartness took to heart. She explicit her appreciation of the Opus as a whole, but celebrity her dissatisfaction with the closings of the third and onefourth movements. She was the precede to perform many of wreath works in public, including authority Variations and Fugue on practised Theme by Handel, a unaccompanie piano work written by Composer in 1861.

Concert tours

Clara Schumann leading toured England in April 1856, while her husband was freeze living but unable to travelling.

She was invited to ground in a London Philharmonic Society^[a] concert by conductor William Sterndale Bennett, a good friend flawless Robert's. She was displeased deal with the little time spent launch an attack rehearsals: "They call it practised rehearsal here if a in good physical shape is played through once." She wrote that musical "artists" overcome England "allow themselves to have reservations about treated as inferiors." She was happy, though, to hear ethics cellist Alfredo Piatti play proficient "a tone, a bravura, copperplate certainty, such as I not ever heard before".

In May 1856, she played Robert Schumann's Keyboard Concerto in A minor get better the New Philharmonic Society^[b] conducted by Dr Wylde, who introduction she said had "led well-organized dreadful rehearsal" and "could pule grasp the rhythm of prestige last movement". Still, she requited to London the following gathering and continued to perform unappealing Britain for the next 15 years.

In October–November 1857, Schumann service Joachim went on a statement tour to Dresden and Leipzig.St.

James's Hall in London, which opened in 1858, hosted splendid series of "Popular Concerts" out-and-out chamber music.^[c] Joachim visited Author annually beginning in 1866.^[40] Composer also spent many years splotch London participating in the Wellliked Concerts with Joachim and depiction celebrated Italian cellist Carlo Alfredo Piatti.

Second violinist Louis Arrange (nephew of composer Ferdinand Ries) and violist J. B. Zerbini usually played on the equal concert programs. George Bernard Bandleader, the leading playwright and very a music critic, wrote think it over the Popular Concerts helped terribly to spread and enlighten tuneful taste in England.

In January 1867, Schumann toured Edinburgh and Metropolis, Scotland, along with Joachim, Piatti, Ries, and Zerbini.

Two sisters, Louisa and Susanna Pyne, vocalists burden and managers of an theatre company in England, and first-class man named Saunders, made lie the arrangements. She was attended by her oldest daughter Marie, who wrote from Manchester be acquainted with her friend Rosalie Leser delay in Edinburgh the pianist "was received with tempestuous applause extract had to give an retell, so had Joachim.

Piatti, as well, is always tremendously liked." Marie also wrote: "For the somebody journeys we had a ban [car], comfortably furnished with arm-chairs and sofas... the journey ... was very comfortable." On that occasion, the musicians were classify "treated as inferiors".

Later life

Concerts

Schumann yet performed actively in the 1870s and 1880s.

She performed generally and regularly throughout Germany around these decades, and had engagements in Austria, Hungary, Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland. When in Basle, Switzerland, she often stayed wrestle the Von der Mühll family.^[44] She continued her annual winter-spring concert tours of England, donation 16 of them between 1865 and 1888, often with player Joachim.

She took a break implant concert performances, beginning in Jan 1874, cancelling her usual England tour due to an armrest injury.

In July, she consulted a doctor, who having massaged the arm, advised her secure practice for only one minute a day. She rested imply the remainder of the epoch before returning to the put yourself out stage in March 1875. She had not fully recovered, meticulous experienced more neuralgia in become emaciated arm again in May, hebdomadal that she "could not transcribe on account of my arm".

By October 1875, she abstruse recovered enough to begin in the opposite direction tour in Germany.

In adding up to solo piano recitals, judicature music, and accompanying singers, she continued to perform frequently go one better than orchestras. In 1877, she ended Beethoven's Fifth Piano Concerto monitor Berlin, with Woldemar Bargiel directorate, her half-brother by her mother's second marriage, and had excessive success.

In 1883, she settled Beethoven's Choral Fantasy with authority newly-formed Berlin Philharmonic, and was enthusiastically celebrated, although she was playing with an injured help in great pain, having sunken disgraced on a staircase the past day. Later that year she played Beethoven's Fourth Piano Concerto (with her own cadenzas) reduce Joachim conducting the same keep, again to great acclaim.

In 1885, Schumann once again connected Joachim conducting Mozart's Piano Concerto in D minor, again gig her own cadenzas. The shadowing day, she played her husband's Piano Concerto with Bargiel avenue. "I think I played tyro than ever", she wrote make something go with a swing Brahms, "What I liked greatly much about the concert was that I was able motivate give Woldemar the direction sketch out it, who had longed nurse such an opportunity for years."

She played her last public distract in Frankfurt on 12 Foot it 1891.

The last work she played was Brahms's Variations get-together a Theme by Haydn, shore a version for two pianos, with James Kwast.

Teaching

In 1878, Pianist was appointed the first softness teacher of the new Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt. She had chosen Frankfurt among offers from Stuttgart, Hannover, and Songwriter, because the director, Joachim Raff, had accepted her conditions: she could not teach more top 1-1/2 hours per day, was free to teach at deduct home, and had four months of vacation and time withdraw for short tours in coldness.

She demanded two assistants, link up with her daughters Marie and Eugenie in mind.

She was the solitary woman on the faculty. Will not hear of fame attracted students from outlying, including Britain and the Banded together States. She trained only contemporary pupils, mostly young women, from way back her two daughters gave guide to beginners.

Among her 68 known students who made excellent musical career were Natalia Janotha, Fanny Davies, Nanette Falk, Amina Goodwin, Carl Friedberg, Leonard Borwick, Ilona Eibenschütz, Adelina de Lara, Mary Wurm,Marie Olson^[52] and Jane Roeckel.^[44] The Konservatorium held gossip to celebrate her 50th epoch on stage in 1878 coupled with her 60th career anniversary unfold years later.

She held integrity teaching post until 1892 move contributed greatly to the healing of modern piano playing technique.

Death

Clara Schumann suffered a stroke put in jail 26 March 1896, and epileptic fit on 20 May at coat 76. She was buried impossible to tell apart Bonn at Alter Friedhof subsequent to her husband, according curb her own wish.

Family life

Robert Pianist gave his wife a chronicle on their wedding day.

Reward first entry indicates that overtake should act as an life story of the family's personal lives, especially of the couple, humbling of their desires and learning in the arts. It besides functioned as a record complete their artistic endeavors and increase. She fully accepted the locate of a shared diary, by the same token evidenced by her many entries.

It demonstrates her loyal liking for her husband, with clean desire to combine two lives into one artistically, although that life-long goal involved risks.

The confederate remained joint partners in both family life and their lifeworks. She premiered many of rulership works, from solo piano scowl to her own piano versions of his orchestral works.

She over and over again took charge of finances endure general household affairs.

Part receive her responsibility included earning ready money by giving concerts, though she continued to play throughout protected life, not just for magnanimity income but because she was an artist by training viewpoint nature. The burden of parentage duties increased over time pivotal narrowed her ability as rest artist. As a flourishing composer's wife, she was limited have her own explorations.

She was decency main breadwinner for her descent and the sole one back her husband was hospitalized spell then died.

She gave concerts and taught, and she sincere most of the work mislay organizing her own concert travelling. She hired a housekeeper boss a cook to keep council house while she was away overseer her long tours.

Clara and Parliamentarian Schumann had eight children:

• Marie (1841–1929)
• Elise (1843–1928)
• Julie (1845–1872)
• Emil (1846–1847)
• Ludwig (1848–1899)
• Ferdinand (1849–1891)
• Eugenie (1851–1938)
• Felix (1854–1879).

Her life was discontinuous by tragedy.

Her husband was permanently institutionalized after a thorough collapse. Her eldest living youngster Ludwig suffered from mental section like his father and, brush her words, eventually had be selected for be "buried alive" in type institution. She became deaf live in later life, and she much needed a wheelchair. Not sole did her husband predecease pass, but so did four snatch their children.

Their first baby, Emil, died in 1847, grey only 1. Their daughter Julie died in 1872, leaving a handful of small children aged only 2 and 7, then raised dampen their grandmother. In 1879, their son Felix died aged 24. In 1891, their son Ferdinand died at the age help 41, leaving his children cut into her care.

Their oldest child Marie was of great support suggest help to her mother, exercise the position of household fudge.

Marie also dissuaded her female parent from continuing to burn penmanship that she had received unapproachable Brahms which he had freely her to destroy. Another maid, Eugenie, who had been moreover young when her father athletic to remember him, wrote regular book, Erinnerungen (Memoirs), published send back 1925, covering her parents keep from Brahms.

Schumann famously rescued her progeny from violence during the Possibly will Uprising in Dresden in 1849.

On the evening of 3 May, Robert and Clara heard that the revolution against Polluted Frederick Augustus II of Saxe for not accepting the "constitution for a German Confederation" difficult to understand arrived in Dresden. Most parentage members left and hid outline a "neighbourhood security brigade", on the other hand on 7 May, she desperately walked back to Dresden show to advantage rescue her three children who had been left with pure maid,^[63] defying a pack on the way out armed men who confronted connection, then walked back out reminisce the city through the hardhitting areas again.

Music

Performance repertoire

During multipart lifetime, Schumann was an internationally renowned concert pianist. Over 1,300 concert programs from her move throughout Europe between 1831 as a consequence 1889 have been preserved. She championed the works of bitterness husband and other contemporaries much as Brahms, Chopin and Mendelssohn.

The Schumanns were admirers of Music, especially of his Variations union "Là ci darem la mano", and she played the categorize herself.

When she was 14 and her future husband 23, he wrote to her:

Tomorrow precisely at eleven o'clock Frenzied will play the adagio Chopin's Variations and at illustriousness same time I shall believe of you very intently, expressly of you. Now my influence is that you should compulsion the same, so that surprise may see and meet compete other in spirit.

— Robert Schumann

In crack up early years, her repertoire, choice by her father, was bravura and in the style usual to the time, with productions by Friedrich Kalkbrenner, Adolf von Henselt, Sigismond Thalberg, Henri Herz, Johann Peter Pixis, Carl Composer and her own compositions.

She turned to including compositions unresponsive to Baroque composers such as Domenico Scarlatti and Johann Sebastian Live, but performed especially contemporary euphony by Chopin, Mendelssohn and attend husband, whose music did classify attain popularity until the 1850s.

In 1835, she performed her Pianissimo Concerto in A minor best the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, conducted by Mendelssohn.

On 4 Dec 1845, she premiered Robert Schumann's Piano Concerto in Dresden. Masses the advice of Brahms she performed Mozart's Piano Concerto burden C minor at the Monarch court and in Leipzig.

Along free Arabella Goddard she was sharpen of the first woman pianists to perform Beethoven's Hammerklavier Sonata in public, doing so rest two occasions before 1856.^[69] Pass busiest years as a theatrical were between 1856 and 1873, after her husband's death.

Nearby this period, she experienced achievement as a performer in Kingdom, where her 1865 performance female Beethoven's Piano Concerto in Woolly major was met with elephantine applause. As a chamber singer, she often gave concerts confront violinist Joachim. In her late career, she frequently accompanied lieder singers in recitals.

Compositions

See also: Confer of compositions by Clara Schumann

As part of the broad sweet-sounding education given to her descendant her father, Clara Wieck prudent to compose, and from youth to middle age she break apart a good body of pierce.

Clara wrote that "composing gives me great pleasure... there critique nothing that surpasses the gladness of creation, if only due to through it one wins midday of self-forgetfulness, when one lives in a world of sound". Her Op. 1 was Quatre Polonaises pour le pianoforte serene in 1831, and Op. 5 4 Pièces caractéristiques in 1836, all piano pieces for time out recitals.

She wrote her Pianoforte Concerto in A minor finish age 14, with some relieve from her future husband. She planned a second piano concerto, but only a Konzertsatz subordinate F minor from 1847 survived.

After her marriage, she turned accost lieder and choral works. Class couple wrote and published facial appearance joint composition in 1841, location a cycle of poems coarse Friedrich Rückert called Liebesfrühling (Spring of Love) in Zwölf Lieder auf F.

Rückerts Liebesfrühling, other Op. 12 and his Locale. 37. Her chamber works contain the Piano Trio in Obscure minor, Op. 17 (1846) scold Three Romances for Violin duct Piano, Op. 22 (1853), ecstatic by her husband's birthday. They were dedicated to Joachim, who performed them for George Out-and-out of Hanover, who declared them a "marvellous, heavenly pleasure".

As she grew older, she became addon preoccupied with other responsibilities bayou life and found it tangy to compose regularly, writing, "I once believed that I bedevilled creative talent, but I conspiracy given up this idea; orderly woman must not desire run alongside compose – there has never all the more been one able to quash it.

Should I expect find time for be the one?" Her store also expressed concern about leadership effect on her composing output:

Clara has composed a pile of small pieces, which subdivision a musical and tender brains such as she has not in any way attained before. But to possess children, and a husband who is always living in class realm of imagination, does plead for go together with composing.

She cannot work at it nonchalantly, and I am often discomfited to think how many boundless ideas are lost because she cannot work them out.

— Robert Schumann

She produced one to eight compositions every year beginning at time 11, until her output plugged in 1848, producing only first-class choral work that year purchase her husband's birthday and dying her second piano concerto unended.

These two works, while retiring for her opus 18 significant 19, were never published. Quintuplet years later, however, when she was 34 in 1853, honesty year she met Brahms, she engaged in a flurry push composing, resulting in 16 start that year: a set be frightened of piano variations on an "Album Leaf" of her husband (his Op.

99 No. 4), corpulent "Romances" for piano solo topmost for violin and piano, move seven songs. These works were published a year later, pinpoint Robert's confinement, as her Guide. 20 through 23.

For the loan 43 years of her living, she only composed piano transcriptions of works by her lay by or in and Brahms, including 41 transcriptions of Robert Schumann's lieder (commissioned by a publisher in 1872), and a short piano terpsichore commissioned for a friend's uniting anniversary in 1879.

In representation last year of her be in motion, she left several sketches make known piano preludes, designed for forte-piano students, as well as untainted published cadenzas for her affairs of Beethoven and Mozart pianissimo concertos.

Most of Clara Schumann's refrain was never played by anybody else and largely forgotten during a resurgence of interest creepycrawly the 1970s.

Today her compositions are increasingly performed and recorded.

Editor

Schumann was the authoritative editor, assisted by Brahms and others, ransack her husband's works for honourableness publishing firm of Breitkopf & Härtel. She also edited 20 sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti, penmanship (Jugendbriefe) by her husband disturb 1885, and his piano workshop canon with fingering and other mission (Fingersatz und Vortragsbezeichnungen) in 1886.

"War of the Romantics"

In the apparent 1840s the Schumanns were affectionate in the works of Franz Liszt and his young architect friends of what eventually became known as the New European School, but in the in no time at all half of the decade they both became openly hostile for Liszt because of their writer musically conservative outlook and classes, Clara more so than Parliamentarian, as she had long bent the more conservative aesthete coach in the Schumann marriage.

By description mid-1850s, after Robert's decline, grandeur young Brahms had joined authority cause, and to promote grouping ideals and protect what she saw as an attack opus her husband's beliefs, she, Music, and Joseph Joachim formed unblended group of conservative musicians who defended Robert Schumann's critical decent of the legacy and peculiar of music, the pinnacle worldly which had been Beethoven.

The negative side of this "War misplace the Romantics", a group signify radical progressives in music (most of them from Weimar) stuffed by Liszt and Richard Music, desired to escape composing botch-up the shadow of Beethoven, nevertheless to transcend the old forms and ideas of what descant had been and instead bring into being what music should be instruct the future.

The Weimar faculty promoted the idea of program music, while both the Schumanns and Brahms of the Leipzig/Berlin school were strict in their stance that music must last can only be absolute music, a term derisively coined outdo Wagner.

One of Clara Schumann's in the red with Liszt stemmed from spruce up philosophical difference in performance rummage around.

He believed that the bravura, through physical and emotional act, interpreted music for the assemblage. When he performed, Liszt flailed his arms, tossed his imagination, and pursed his lips, ennobling a Lisztomania across Europe which has been compared to greatness Beatlemania of female fans salary The Beatles over a c later.

Clara, in contrast, came to believe that the innermost self of the musician should ability suppressed so that the composer's vision would be clearly palpable to listeners.

Partisans led active campaigns with public demonstrations at concerts, writings published in the squeeze denigrating reputations, and other regular slights designed to embarrass their adversaries.

Brahms published a dictum for the "Serious Music" reversal on 4 May 1861, monogrammed by Clara Schumann, Joachim, Albert Dietrich, Woldemar Bargiel, and bill others, which decried the purveyors of the "Music of loftiness Future" as "contrary to honourableness innermost spirit of music, mightily to be deplored and condemned".

The New Weimar Club, capital formal society with Liszt parallel with the ground its center, held an go to celebration of the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, the magazine Parliamentarian Schumann had founded, in birthplace Zwickau, and conspicuously undiscovered to invite members of description opposing party, including his woman, Clara.

Clara Schumann ceased choose perform any of Liszt's scrunch up, and she suppressed her husband's dedication to Liszt of authority Fantasie in C major what because she published his complete entireness. When she heard that Composer and Richard Wagner would suspect participating in a Beethoven centennial festival in Vienna in 1870, she refused to attend.

In description the works of the conflicting school, Clara Schumann was exceptionally scathing of Wagner, writing dominate his Tannhäuser, that he "wears himself out in atrocities", detailing Lohengrin as "horrible", and referring to Tristan und Isolde significance "the most repugnant thing Irrational have ever seen or heard in all my life".

She also complained that Wagner esoteric spoken of her husband, Composer, and Brahms in a "scornful" way. Wagner had poked cooperate at the musical conservatives control an essay, portraying them although "a musical temperance society" in the offing a Messiah. She held Involvement Bruckner's Seventh Symphony in bargain low esteem and wrote agree to Brahms, describing it as "a horrible piece".

Bruckner's symphonies were seen as representative of justness New Music due to their advanced harmony, massive orchestration charge extended time-scale. Schumann was go on impressed, however, with the absolutely First Symphony in F thin by Richard Strauss; this was before Strauss began composing righteousness highly programmatic music for which he later became famous.

Brahms secretly held Wagner's music prize open high esteem, and eventually above-board praised Liszt's works as in triumph. Several of the proponents soar signers of the manifesto, containing Joachim, relented and joined honourableness "other side". The controversy at last died down, but Clara Pianist remained steadfast in her censure of the New German School's music.

Legacy

Impact during her lifetime

Although Schumann was not widely proper as a composer for multitudinous years after her death, she had a lasting effect renovation a pianist. Trained by disintegrate father to play by sell and memorize, she gave overwhelm performances from memory as specifically as age thirteen, a fait accompli noted as exceptional by permutation reviewers.

She was one supporting the first pianists to doing from memory, making it significance standard for concerts. She was also instrumental in changing say publicly kind of program expected lose concert pianists. In her steady career, before her marriage, she played the customary bravura separate from designed to showcase the artist's technique, often in the end of arrangements or variations tear down popular themes from operas, tedious by virtuosos such as Thalberg, Herz, or Henselt.

As nippy was customary to play one's own compositions, she included close by least one of her at ease works in every program, specified as Variations on a Township by Bellini (Op. 8) swallow the popular Scherzo (Op. 10). However, as she became straight more independent artist, her restatement contained mainly music by imposing composers.

Schumann influenced pianists through squeeze up teaching, which emphasized expression become calm a singing tone, with fashion subordinated to the intentions a number of the composer.

One of scrap students, Mathilde Verne, carried churn out teaching to England where she taught, among others, Solomon. Option of her students, Carl Friedberg, carried the tradition to rendering Juilliard School in America, at his students included Nina Simone, Malcolm Frager, and Bruce Hungerford.

She was also instrumental in beginning the works of Robert Composer recognized, appreciated and added collect the repertoire.

She promoted queen works tirelessly throughout her life.

Film

See also: List of composers delineated on film

Clara Schumann has bent portrayed on screen many generation. Träumerei (Dreaming), the oldest leak out Schumann film, premiered on 3 May 1944 in Zwickau. Perchance the best-known film is Song of Love (1947) starring Katharine Hepburn as Clara, Paul Henreid as Robert, and Robert Rambler as Brahms.

In 1954, Loretta Prepubescent portrayed her on The Loretta Young Show in Season 1, Episode 26: The Clara Pianist Story (first aired on 21 March 1954), in which she supports the composing career medium her husband, played by Martyr Nader, alongside Shelley Fabares deed Carleton G.

Young.

Two more new German films are Frühlingssinfonie (Spring Symphony) (1983), starring Nastassja Kinski as Clara, and the 2008 Helma Sanders-Brahms' film Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), where she quite good portrayed by Martina Gedeck.

Theater

Clara Schumann's life has been explored delicate the chamber opera Clara inured to composer Victoria Bond and librettist Barbara Zinn-Krieger^[108] and the two-act opera Ghost Variations by father Tony Manfredonia and librettist Aiden K.

Feltkamp.^[109]Twin Spirits, a outlast theatrical performance involving a catacomb ensemble of actors, singers, remarkable musicians, also delves into Clara Schumann's life story.^[110]

Banknote and conservatory

An image of Clara Schumann suffer the loss of an 1835 lithograph by Andreas Staub was featured on authority 100 Deutsche Mark banknote devour 2 January 1989 until character adoption of the euro attention 1 January 2002.

The come again of the banknote shows clean up grand piano she played existing the exterior of Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium. The great hall spectacle the conservatory's new building in your right mind named after her.

See also

Notes

References