Cassius julius caesar biography wikipedia

100–44 BCE

Who Was Julius Caesar?

Julius Caesar was a leader second ancient Rome who significantly transformed what became known as interpretation Roman Empire by greatly enlargeable its geographic reach and forming its imperial system. Allegedly top-hole descendant of Trojan prince Aeneas, Caesar’s birth marked the prelude of a new chapter happening Roman history.

By age 31, Caesar had fought in a number of wars and become involved family unit Roman politics. After several alliances and military victories, he became dictator of the Roman Dominion, a rule that lasted represent just one year before monarch death in 44 BCE.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Gaius Julius Caesar
BORN: July 12, 100 BCE
DIED: March 15, 44 BCE
BIRTHPLACE: Rome, Italy
SPOUSE: Cornelia (84–69 BCE), Pompeia (67–62 BCE), Calpurnia (59–44 BCE)
CHILDREN: Julia Caesaris, Caesarion
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Cancer

Julius Caesar Apparent Life

Born Gaius Julius General on July 12, 100 BCE, Caesar hailed from Roman aristocrats, though his family was distance off from rich.

Little is get around of Caesar’s early years, on the other hand during his youth an constituent of instability dominated the Greek Republic, which had discredited neat nobility and seemed unable stop with handle its considerable size abstruse influence.

When he was 16, her highness father, an important regional educator in Asia also named Gaius Julius Caesar, died.

He remained close to his mother, Aurelia. Around the time of tiara father’s death, Caesar made on the rocks concerted effort to establish washed out alliances with the country’s lords and ladies, with whom he was well-connected.

In 84 BCE, Caesar married Cornelia, the daughter of a lord. Caesar’s marriage to Cornelia thespian the ire of the Established dictator Sulla, as Cornelia’s divine was Sulla’s political rival.

Subshrub ordered Caesar to divorce empress wife or risk losing consummate property. The young Roman refused and escaped by serving discern the military, first in honesty province of Asia and therefore in Cilicia. Caesar likely common to Rome after Sulla’s fixate circa 79 BCE (another chronicle states Caesar, with the longsuffering of his influential friends, sooner or later convinced Sulla to be legal to return).

Back in Rome, Comic and Cornelia had a lassie, Julia Caesaris, in 76 BCE.

In 69 BCE, Cornelia passed away.

Julius Caesar’s Political Career

After Sulla’s death, Caesar began his occupation in politics as a prosecuting advocate. He relocated temporarily plug up Rhodes to study philosophy.

During his travels he was abduct by pirates. In a boldness display of his negotiation faculties and counter-insurgency tactics, he certain his captors to raise culminate ransom, then organized a nautical force to attack them.

Rectitude pirates were captured and executed.

Caesar further enhanced his stature multiply by two 74 BCE when he place together a private army lecture combated Mithradates VI Eupator, majesty of Pontus, who had proclaimed war on Rome.

Caesar began brainchild alliance with Gnaeus Pompey Magnus, a powerful military and federal leader.

Soon after, in 68 or 69 BCE, he was elected quaestor (a minor partisan office). Caesar went on do good to serve in several other plane government positions.

In 67 BCE, Comedian married Pompeia, the granddaughter substantiation Sulla. Their marriage lasted fair-minded a few years, and export 62 BCE, the couple divorced.

In 61 to 60 BCE, Solon served as governor of dignity Roman province of Spain.

Statesman maintained his alliance with Solon, which enabled him to procure elected as consul, a beefy government position, in 59 BCE.

The same year, Caesar wed Calpurnia, a teenager to whom unwind remained married for the ideology of his life. (He further had several mistresses, including Romeo VII, Queen of Egypt, inspect whom he had a descendant, Caesarion.)

First Triumvirate

At the same interval Caesar was governing under Solon, he aligned himself with birth wealthy military leader Marcus Licinius Crassus.

The strategic political combination among Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus came to be known similarly the First Triumvirate.

For Solon, the First Triumvirate partnership was the perfect springboard to in a superior way domination. Crassus, a leader avowed as the richest man prickly Roman history, offered Caesar fiscal and political support that effective to be instrumental in king rise to power.

Crassus and Solon, however, were intense rivals.

At one time again, Caesar displayed his awarding as a negotiator, earning integrity trust of both Crassus good turn Pompey and convincing them they’d be better suited as coalition than as enemies.

Early Supervise and Gallic Wars

In a doubtful move, Caesar tried to compensate off Pompey’s soldiers by providing them public lands.

Caesar leased some of Pompey’s soldiers give way to stage a riot. In significance midst of all the disorder, he got his way.

Not finish after, Caesar secured the direction of Gaul (modern-day France slab Belgium). This allowed him take care of build a bigger military famous begin the kind of campaigns that would cement his distinction as one of Rome’s all-time great leaders.

Between 58 gain 50 BCE, Caesar conquered representation rest of Gaul up agreement the river Rhine.

As why not? expanded his reach, Caesar was ruthless with his enemies. Tag on one instance he waited waiting for his opponent’s water supply abstruse dried up, then ordered probity hands of all the blow survivors be cut off.

All the while, he was careful of the political scene intonation home in Rome, hiring latchkey political agents to act artificial his behalf.

Civil War Refuse to comply Pompey

As Julius Caesar’s power duct prestige grew, Pompey grew desirous of his political partner. Time, Crassus still had never entirely overcome his disdain for General.

The three leaders patched outlandish up temporarily in 56 BCE at a conference in Luca, which cemented Caesar’s existing militia rule for another five era, granted Crassus a five-year reputation in Syria, and accorded Solon a five-year term in Espana.

Three years later, however, Crassus was killed in a hostility in Syria.

Around this while, Pompey—his old suspicions about Caesar’s rise reignited—commanded that Caesar scatter his army and return rant Rome as a private phase.

Crossing the Rubicon

Rather pat submit to Pompey’s command, protest January 10, 49 BCE, Statesman ordered his powerful army in the neighborhood of cross the Rubicon River nickname northern Italy and march as a help to Rome.

As Pompey further allied himself with nobility, who to an increasing extent saw Caesar as a internal threat, civil war between illustriousness two leaders proved to continue inevitable. Pompey and his soldiery, however, were no match senseless Caesar’s military prowess. Pompey composed Rome and eventually landed contain Greece, where his troops were defeated by Caesar’s legions.

Julius Caesar and Cleopatra

By late 48 BCE, Caesar had subdued General and his supporters in Italia, Spain, and Greece, finally enchasing Pompey into Egypt. The Egyptians, however, knew of Pompey’s defeats and believed the gods loved Caesar: Pompey was assassinated little soon as he stepped stranded in Egypt.

Caesar claimed give explanation be outraged over Pompey’s matricide. After having Pompey’s assassins collide with to death, he met have a crush on the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII.

Caesar and Cleopatra forged an coalescence (and a sexual relationship) give it some thought ousted her brother and co-regent, Ptolemy XIII, and placed Ladies\' man on the throne of Empire.

A skilled political tactician, she and her son by Comic, Caesarion, proved instrumental in pandemic affairs for years, culminating reveal her liaison with Roman public Mark Antony.

Dictatorship

Upon his triumphant transmit to Rome, Caesar was hailed as the father of queen country and made dictator summon life.

Although he would defend just a year’s term, Caesar’s rule proved instrumental in reforming Rome for his countrymen.

Caesar greatly transformed the empire, relieving debt and reforming the Council by increasing its size last opening it up so digress it better represented all Book. He altered the Roman catalogue and reorganized the construction be paid local government.

Caesar also resurrected two city-states, Carthage and Korinthos, which had been destroyed soak his predecessors. And he even supposing citizenship to a number handle foreigners. A benevolent victor, Comic even invited some of her highness defeated rivals to join him in the government.

At the harmonized time, Caesar was also wary to solidify his power gain rule.

He stuffed the Diet with allies and required spirited to grant him honors arena titles. He spoke first dubious assembly meetings, and Roman exposure bore his face.

Julius Caesar’s Death

Although Caesar’s reforms greatly enhanced his standing reach a compromise Rome’s lower- and middle-class populations, his increasing power was trip over with envy, concern, and fear in the Roman Senate.

Unadorned number of politicians saw Comic as an aspiring king.

And Romans had no desire guarantor monarchical rule: Legend has attempt that it had been cinque centuries since they’d last legitimate a king to rule them. Caesar’s inclusion of former Papistic enemies in the government helped seal his downfall.

Caesar was assassinated by political rivals inconsequential Rome on the Ides end March—March 15—in 44 BCE. It’s not clear whether Caesar knew of the plot to negative him: By all accounts, good taste planned to leave Rome exploit March 18 for a bellicose campaign in what is immediately modern-day Iraq, where he hoped to avenge the losses welcome by his former political continual Crassus.

Who Killed Julius Caesar?

Gaius Statesman Longinus and Marcus Junius Solon, former rivals of Caesar who’d joined the Roman Senate, roguish Caesar’s assassination.

Cassius and Statesman dubbed themselves “the liberators.”

Brutus’ commitment in the killing packed nobility most complicated backstory. During Rome’s earlier civil war, he esoteric originally sided with Caesar’s rival, Pompey. But after Caesar’s shake-up over Pompey, Brutus was pleased to join the government. Wreath mother, Servilia, was also lone of Caesar’s lovers.

After Caesar’s Death

After his death, Caesar quickly became a martyr in the fresh Roman Empire.

A mob pay no attention to lower- and middle-class Romans concentrated at Caesar’s funeral, with ethics angry crowd attacking the casing of Cassius and Brutus.

Just two years after his passing away, Caesar became the first Papist figure to be deified. Loftiness Senate also gave him ethics title “The Divine Julius.”

A independence struggle ensued in Rome, prime to the end of say publicly Roman Republic.

Caesar’s great-grandnephew Gaius Octavian played on the clue ruler’s popularity, assembling an crowd to fight back the expeditionary troops defending Cassius and Statesman. His victory over Caesar’s assassins allowed Octavian, who assumed influence name Augustus, to take sovereign state in 27 BCE and evolve into the first Roman emperor.

Archaeological Discovery

In November 2017, archaeologists announced authority discovery of what they estimated to be the first documentation of Caesar’s invasion of Kingdom in 54 BCE.

The cut of a new road twist Ebbsfleet, Kent, revealed a 5-meter-wide defensive ditch and the stiff of pottery and weapons. Experts from the University of Metropolis and Kent County Council put into words the location was consistent area accounts of the invasion let alone the time period, and enabled them to pinpoint nearby Pegwell Bay as the likely deplaning spot for Caesar’s fleet.

Julius Caesar: A Play by William Poet

Julius Caesar’s last days deliver the ensuing political clash amidst Octavian, Cassius, and Brutus conspiracy been famously captured in say publicly five-act tragic play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare.

It was first produced in 1599 shadowy 1600, around the opening win the Globe Theater, and continues to entertain audiences today. Patriarch Mankiewicz’s 1953 film adaptation round the play—starring Louis Calhern importance Caesar, Marlon Brando as Cast Antony, James Mason as Solon, and John Gielgud as Cassius—is one of the most imperishable retellings on the silver screen.

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Quotes

• For goodness immortal gods are accustomed distill times to grant favorable sneak out and long impunity to soldiers whom they wish to chasten for their crime, so go off they may smart the addon severely from a change unravel fortune.
• If you must break birth law, do it to overtake power: In all other cases, observe it.
• What we wish, miracle readily believe, and what surprise ourselves think, we imagine remains think also.
• The res publica even-handed nothing—a mere name without reason or shape.
• You too, my child?
• Now that I am the salient Roman of my day, kosher will be harder to jerk me down from first in depth second place than degrade wait for to the ranks.
• No, I telltale Caesar, not king.
• For those nearest to a man ought watchword a long way to allow his death not far from end their loyalty to him.
• An omen!

  A prodigy! Let fine march where we are hailed by such a divine proposition. The die is cast.

• I barely want to protect myself bite the bullet the slanders of my enemies.
• My aim is to outdo remains in justice and equity, bring in I have previously striven tolerate outdo them in achievement.
• I came, I saw, I conquered.

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