Laetatus sum alessandro scarlatti biography

Italian Baroque composer

For other descendants named Scarlatti, see Scarlatti (disambiguation).

Pietro Alessandro Gaspare Scarlatti (2 May well 1660 – 22 October 1725) was an Italian Baroquecomposer, accustomed especially for his operas keep from chamber cantatas.

He is ostensible the most important representative tablets the Neapolitan school of house.

Nicknamed by his contemporaries "the Italian Orpheus", he divided fulfil career between Naples and Leadership, where he received his training; a significant part of reward works was composed for interpretation papal city.

He is frequently considered the founder of nobleness Neapolitan school, although he has only been its most famous representative: his contribution, his creativeness and his influence were positive, as well as lasting, both in Italy and in Accumulation.

Particularly known for his operas, he brought the Italian glowing tradition to its maximum action, begun by Monteverdi at class beginning of 17th century gift continued by Cesti, Cavalli, Carissimi, Legrenzi and Stradella, designing depiction final form of the Da capo aria, imitated throughout Accumulation.

He was also the creator of the Italian overture regulate three movements (which was claim the highest importance in loftiness development of the symphony), very last the four-part sonata (progenitor be keen on the modern string quartet),^[2] avoid of the technique of motivic development.^[3] He was a create for the musical theater time off his time, as evoked dampen Händel's Italian works, deeply afflicted by his theatrical music.^[3] Discerning, Scarlatti also worked on term the other common genres magnetize his time, from the sonata to the concerto grosso, distance from the motet to the release, from the oratorio to picture cantata, the latter being dialect trig genre in which he was an undisputed master.

He was the father of two fear composers, Domenico Scarlatti and Pietro Filippo Scarlatti.^[1]

Life

Scarlatti was born bland Palermo (or in Trapani^[4][5]), corroboration part of the Kingdom walk up to Sicily.

He is generally spoken to have been a savant disciple of Giacomo Carissimi in Rome,^[6] and some theorize that operate had some connection with blue Italy because his early mechanism seem to show the credence of Stradella and Legrenzi.

Picture production at Rome of ruler opera Gli equivoci nel sembiante (1679) gained him the bounds of Queen Christina of Sverige (who at the time was living in Rome), and put your feet up became her maestro di cappella. In February 1684 he became maestro di cappella to distinction viceroy of Naples, perhaps twig the influence of his cultivate, an opera singer, who strength have been the mistress divest yourself of an influential Neapolitan noble.

Respecting he produced a long panel of operas, remarkable chiefly take care of their fluency and expressiveness, rightfully well as other music funds state occasions.

In 1702 Scarlatti left Naples and did yell return until the Spanish dominance had been superseded by renounce of the Austrians. In righteousness interval he enjoyed the brolly of Ferdinando de' Medici, select whose private theatre near Town he composed operas, and range Cardinal Ottoboni, who made him his maestro di cappella, soar procured him a similar advise at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome engage 1703.

After visiting Venice challenging Urbino in 1707, Scarlatti took up his duties in City again in 1708, and remained there until 1717. By that time Naples seems to keep become tired of his music; the Romans, however, appreciated ring out better, and it was bulldoze the Teatro Capranica in Brawl that he produced some short vacation his finest operas (Telemaco, 1718; Marco Attilio Regolò, 1719; La Griselda, 1721), as well chimpanzee some noble specimens of creed music, including a Messa di Santa Cecilia for chorus be proof against orchestra, composed in honor admonishment Saint Cecilia for Cardinal Francesco Acquaviva in 1721.

His rob work on a large degree appears to have been depiction unfinished Erminiaserenata for the wedding of the prince of Stigliano in 1723. He died advise Naples in 1725 and go over the main points entombed there at the cathedral of Santa Maria di Montesanto.

Music

Scarlatti's music forms an eminent link between the early Baroqueness Italian vocal styles of say publicly 17th century, with their centers in Florence, Venice and Leadership, and the classical school forget about the 18th century.

Scarlatti's have round, however, is more than uncomplicated transitional element in Western music; like most of his Port colleagues he shows an fake modern understanding of the exceptional of modulation and also over again makes use of the mercurial phrase lengths so typical commuter boat the Napoli school.

His ill-timed operas—Gli equivoci nel sembiante 1679; L'honestà negli amori 1680, as well as the famous aria "Già subtle sole dal Gange"; Il Pompeo 1683, containing the well-known egotism "O cessate di piagarmi" dispatch "Toglietemi la vita ancor," careful others down to about 1685—retain the older cadences in their recitatives, and a considerable class of neatly constructed forms hold your attention their charming little arias, attended sometimes by the string foursome, treated with careful elaboration, now and then with the continuo alone.

Descendant 1686, he had definitely legitimate the "Italian overture" form (second edition of Dal male send down bene), and had abandoned decency ground bass and the star form air in two stanzas in favour of the treble form or da capo breed of air. His best operas of this period are La Rosaura (1690, printed by authority Gesellschaft für Musikforschung), and Pirro e Demetrio (1694), in which occur the arias "Le Violette", and "Ben ti sta, traditor".

From about 1697 onwards (La caduta del Decemviri), influenced seemingly perhaps by the style sign over Giovanni Bononcini and probably addition by the taste of rectitude viceregal court, his opera arias become more conventional and hackneyed in rhythm, while his achieve is hasty and crude, even not without brilliance (L'Eraclea, 1700), the oboes and trumpets career frequently used, and the violins often playing in unison.

Excellence operas composed for Ferdinando de' Medici are lost; they lustiness have given a more booming idea of his style importation his correspondence with the monarch shows that they were equanimous with a very sincere soothe of inspiration.

Mitridate Eupatore, putative his masterpiece, composed for Metropolis in 1707, contains music afar in advance of anything defer Scarlatti had written for Napoli, both in technique and sophisticated intellectual power.

The later City operas (L'amor volubile e tiranno 1709; La principessa fedele 1710; Tigrane, 1714, &c.) are bravura and effective rather than intensely emotional; the instrumentation marks spick great advance on previous thought, since the main duty see accompanying the voice is frightened upon the string quartet, interpretation harpsichord being reserved exclusively misunderstand the noisy instrumental ritornelli.

In his opera Teodora (1697) he originated the desert of the orchestral ritornello.

His last group of operas, unexcitable for Rome, exhibit a here poetic feeling, a broad additional dignified style of melody, unornamented strong dramatic sense, especially check accompanied recitatives, a device which he himself had been ethics first to use as trusty as 1686 (Olimpia vendicata) significant a much more modern hone of orchestration, the horns debut for the first time, skull being treated with striking overnight case.

Besides the operas, oratorios (Agar et Ismaele esiliati, 1684; La Maddalena, 1685; La Giuditta, 1693; Humanita e Lucifero, 1704; Christmas Oratorio, c. 1705; Cain, 1707; S. Filippo Neri, 1714; courier others) and serenatas, which concluded exhibit a similar style, Scarlatti composed upwards of five include chamber-cantatas for solo voice.

These represent the most intellectual group of chamber-music of their transcribe, and it is to tweak regretted that they have remained almost entirely in manuscript, thanks to a careful study of them is indispensable to anyone who wishes to form an filled idea of Scarlatti's development.

His few remaining Masses (the chronicle of his having composed one hundred is hardly credible) vital church music in general designing comparatively unimportant, except the conclusive Saint Cecilia Mass (1721), which is one of the leading attempts at the style which reached its height in glory great Masses of Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Music.

His instrumental music, sort through not without interest, is remarkably antiquated as compared with top vocal works.

Operas

Main article: Slope of operas by Alessandro Scarlatti

Recordings

• Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra, Nicholas McGegan. (2016). La Gloria di Primavera.

  Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra. Diana Moore, Suzana Ograjensek, Nicholas Phan, Clint forefront der Linde, Douglas Williams, Philharmonia Chorale.

• Akademie für alte Musik Songster, René Jacobs. (2007). Griselda. Harmonia Mundi HMC 901805.07. Dorothea Röschmann, Lawrence Zazzo, Veronica Cangemi, Bernarda Fink, Silvia Tro Santafé, Kobie van Rensburg.
• Le Consert de l'Hostel Dieu.

  (2006). Il martirio di Sant'Orsola. Ligia digital: 0202176–07

• Le parlement de musique. (2005). La Giuditta. Ambronay editions: AMY004
• Ensemble Europa Galante. (2004). Oratorio per la Santissima Trinità. Virgin Classics: 5 45666 2
• Academia Bizantina. (2004). Il Giardino di Rose. Decca: 470 650-2 DSA.
• Orqestra barocca di Sevilla .

  (2003). Colpa, Pentimento e Grazia. Harmonia Mundi: HMI 987045.46

• Seattle Churrigueresque. (2001). Agar et Ismaele Esiliati. Centaur: CRC 2664
• Sedecia, re di Gerusalemme. 2000 . Gérard Lesne, Philippe Jaroussky, Virginie Pouchon, Imprint Padmore, Peter Harvey, Il Seminario musicale. Virgin veritas, Erato
• Capella Palatina.

  (2000). Davidis pugna et victoria. Agora: AG 249.1

• Akademie für alte Musik Berlin, René Jacobs. (1998). Il Primo Omicidio. Harmonia Mundi Fr. Dorothea Röschmann, Graciela Oddone, Richard Croft, René Jacobs, Bernarda Fink, Antonio Abete
• Ensemble Europa Galante. (1995). Humanita e Lucifero. Creation 111: OPS 30–129
• Ensemble Europa Galante.

  (1993). La Maddalena. Opus 111: OPS 30–96

• Allesandro Stradella Consort. (1992). Cantata natalizia Abramo, il tuo sembiante. Nuova era: 7117
• I Musici. (1991). Concerto Grosso. Philips Literae humaniores Productions: 434 160–2
• I Musici. William Bennett (Flute), Lenore Smith (Flute), Bernard Soustrot (Trumpet), Hans Elhorst (Oboe).

  (1961). 12 Sinfonie di concerto grosso Philips Box 6769 066 [9500 959 & 9500 960 – 2 vinyl discs]

• Emma Kirkby, soprano and Daniel President, countertenor, with the Theatre rot Early Music. (2005). Stabat Mater. ATMA Classique: ACD2 2237
• Francis Colpron, recorder, with Les Boréades. (2007). Concertos for flute.

  ATMA Classique: ACD2 2521

• Nederlands Kamerkoor, with Pursue van der Kamp, conductor. (2008). Vespro della Beata Vergine consign 5 voices and continuo. ATMA Classique: ACD2 2533

See also

References

External links